The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is making strides with Chandrayaan-3, a high-profile lunar mission aimed at achieving a soft landing on the Moon’s surface. Following the 2019 project, Chandrayaan-2, which missed its desired soft landing, Chandrayaan-3 is determined to succeed and demonstrate new technologies essential for interplanetary missions. The spacecraft comprises an indigenous propulsion module, a lander module named Vikram after Dr. Vikram A Sarabhai, the visionary father of India’s Space Programme, and a rover called Pragyan, which translates to “wisdom” in Sanskrit. Together, they are equipped to explore the lunar south pole and gather vital data for scientific research.
The Vikram lander is designed to function for one lunar day, equivalent to 14 Earth days, and weighs around 1,749 kg, including the rover. It boasts side-mounted solar panels generating 738 W power. Vikram’s three payloads play a crucial role in its objectives. RAMBHA-LP will measure the near-surface plasma density and its changes with time, ChaSTE will study thermal properties of the lunar surface near the polar region, and ILSA will measure seismicity around the landing site, unraveling the structure of the lunar crust and mantle. On the other hand, the Pragyan rover, weighing 26 kg, shares Vikram’s mission life of one lunar day.
With six wheels and advanced instruments, it will provide valuable data on the Moon’s elemental composition. The rover’s APXS payload will derive the elemental composition of the lunar surface, while the LIBS payload will conduct experiments on the lunar soil and rocks, determining chemical elements like magnesium and aluminum. Chandrayaan-3 embarked on its journey from Earth on July 14 and has made significant progress, completing its orbits around Earth and moving closer to the Moon. The mission is set to achieve a remarkable feat, landing on the Moon’s surface on August 23. This endeavor signifies India’s dedication to space exploration and the advancement of interplanetary technologies.
Once the lander and rover reach the Moon’s surface, they will carry out their respective experiments and missions, gathering crucial data for a period of 3 to 6 months. The indigenous propulsion module, left in the Moon’s orbit, will serve as a communication point throughout the mission. As Chandrayaan-3 progresses towards its final destination, the eyes of the world are on ISRO and India’s scientific community, eagerly awaiting the successful completion of this ambitious lunar mission. With the expertise and dedication of the Indian Space Programme, Chandrayaan-3 holds the promise of advancing our understanding of the Moon and paving the way for future interplanetary endeavors.