Simlipal National Park, located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, India, is one of the country’s largest and most diverse wildlife reserves. Established in 1979, Simlipal is spread over an area of 845.70 sq. km and is home to a wide range of flora and fauna, including several endangered species.
The park has a rich history, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the stone age. It was once the hunting ground of the local royalty, and later served as a base for forestry operations in the colonial era. Today, Simlipal is a protected area, and its lush forests, rolling hills, and pristine streams draw visitors from all over the world.
Geographically, Simlipal is situated at the junction of the Eastern Ghats and the Chhotanagpur Plateau, and its varied terrain encompasses forests, grasslands, and water bodies. The park is known for its rich biodiversity, with over 100 species of mammals, reptiles, and birds. Some of the most notable species found in Simlipal include elephants, tigers, leopards, gaurs, and several species of deer.
The climate in Simlipal is characterized by hot summers and cool winters, with heavy monsoon rains during the rainy season. The park’s lush vegetation, including over 10,000 species of plants and trees, provides a vital habitat for the wide range of wildlife that lives within its boundaries.
The Simlipal Tiger Reserve has a total size of 2,750 km2, of which 1,194.75 km2 is the main region. Its highest peaks are Khairiburu (1,178 m) and Meghasani (1,158 m). The main waterfalls are the 217-meter-high Barehipani Falls and the 181-meter-high Joranda Falls. Simlipal National Park has a temperate climate. Summer temperatures average approximately 40 °C, while winter temperatures can drop as low as 14 °C. Rainfall amounts range from moderate to heavy.